Special Session: Environmental and Environmental 4.0, Engineering 4.0 in Environmental 4.0

We are organizing the International e-Conference on Engineering Researches and Engineering 4.0, ICERE4.0-2023 Conference which will be held on 21-22 September 2023 with the sponsorship of the Science Academy (www.sciencesacademy.org).

Special Session: Environmental and Environmental 4.0, Engineering 4.0 in Environmental 4.0 is publishes at the Research & Development, specific ideas, peer-reviewed and high-quality articles in the field of Environmental and Environmental 4.0, Engineering 4.0 in Environmental 4.0. ICERE4.0-2023 is a good scientific conference and an indispensable reading and reference for people working in the field of Environmental and Environmental 4.0, Engineering 4.0 in Environmental 4.0. In addition, selected articles from conferences in the fields of Environmental and Environmental 4.0, Engineering 4.0 in Environmental 4.0 and etc are published in this Journal of Engineering Researches. 

Conference Web Site:

https://conferences.sciencesacademy.org/index.php/icere4-2023 

Engineering 4.0:

Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution that is currently underway. Food, agriculture, building and environment were affected by Industry 4.0. As a result of this interaction, systems such as food 4.0, agriculture 4.0, construction 4.0 (Smart House, Smart Building, Smart Factory etc.) and environment 4.0 have developed. Engineering 4.0 integrates engineering research and emerging manufacturing and manufacturing processes into 4.0 technologies through digital transformation.
With the Industry 4.0 process, curriculum course requirements for 4.0 technologies emerged in the departments that train engineers. In addition, the need for a technological environment where students can apply 4.0 technologies has emerged. In these technological environments, there are application needs related to the way digital technologies such as Internet of Things, Robotics, Cloud Computing, Additive Manufacturing, Artificial Intelligence and others do business and work.
With the Industry 4.0 process, the need for Education 4.0 has emerged.
Existing faculties with Industry 4.0 skills are not sufficient to meet curriculum requirements. The current curriculum is already stuffy and meets accreditation requirements. Adding a new course requires deleting some of the existing content. Traditional credit-hour, semester-based course delivery makes it difficult to quickly incorporate Industry 4.0-specific content into the curriculum.
In this environment of exponential technological change, we as educators and 4.0 technology managers need to ask ourselves tough questions such as:
Is the current engineering education system suitable for today? Are we decades behind our times? What should be the new model of engineering education? What should be our Engineering 4.0 movement that will go hand in hand with Industry 4.0, Food 4.0, Agriculture 4.0 and Environment 4.0? Will graduate institutions be sufficient to train Engineer 4.0? Are private institutions and organizations needed to train Engineer 4.0? How should Education 4.0 be?
The answers to these questions will be sought in this conference.

The topics of the Special Session include, but not limited to, the areas listed below:

SCOPES and Tracks:

Track 1: Earth Science 

Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of science associated with the world Earth. This is often a branch of science managing the physical constitution of the world and its atmosphere. Earth science is that the study of our planet’s physical characteristics, from earthquakes to raindrops, and floods to fossils. The numerous purpose of the world sciences is to acknowledge the present capabilities and therefore the past evolution of the world and to use this information, whereby acceptable, for the advantage of human race. Some earth scientists use their information of the world to find and develop energy and natural resource. Others study the impact of human action on Earth's environment, and style ways to protect the world.

Earth sciences graphics software

Environmental Geo-science

Glossary of geology terms

Structure of the Earth

GEO-LEO (GEO Library Experts Online)

Track 2: Climate Change in Engineering 4.0

Climate change also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. Climatology, the science of Climate and its relation to plant and animal life, is important in many fields, including agriculture, aviation, medicine, botany, zoology, geology, and geography. Changes in Climate affect, for example, the plant and animal life of a given area. Climatology, the science of Climate and its relation to plant and animal life, is important in many fields, including agriculture, aviation, medicine, botany, zoology, geology, and geography. Changes in Climate affect, for example, the plant and animal life of a given area.

Climate Change & Climatology

CO2 Responsible Climate Change

Sustainability & Climate Change

Climate Change Law & Policy

Space Monitoring of Climate Variables

Climate Change Economics

Climate Change Challenges

Effective Adaptation

Risks of Climate Change

Climate Hazards

CO2 Capture and Sequestration

Carbon Cycle

Climate Change & Health

Climate Change: Biodiversity Scenarios

Evidence of Climate Changes

Solutions for Climate Change

Track 3: Atmospheric Chemistry 

The chemical composition of the atmosphere has been changing rapidly over the last several decades. Global changes research has been successful in developing a scientific understanding of several of these changes such as stratospheric ozone depletion. The assessment and understanding of other problems such as tropospheric ozone and aerosols and their roles in climate and chemical processes remain largely inadequate.

Oxygen cycle

Ozone-oxygen cycle

Paleoclimatology

Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion

Tropospheric ozone depletion events

Track 4:  Pollution Control 

Pollution is the presence of a pollutant in the environment and is often the result of human actions. Pollution has a detrimental effect on the environment. Animals, fish and other aquatic life, plants and humans all suffer when pollution is not controlled. In other words, Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that causes harmful and toxic effects to living things. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollution is often classified as point source pollution or non-point source pollution. Noise pollution, soil pollution and light pollution too are the damaging the environment at an alarming rate. Things as simple as light, sound and temperature can be considered pollutants when introduced artificially into an environment. Air pollution is by far the most harmful form of pollution in our environment. Air pollution is cause by the injurious smoke emitted by cars, buses, trucks, trains, and factories, namely sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Toxic pollution affects more than 200 million people worldwide. In some of the world’s worst polluted places, babies are born with birth defects, children have lost 30 to 40 IQ points, and life expectancy may be as low as 45 years because of cancers and other diseases.

Pollution & its Effects on Climate

Waste Water pollution

Carbon Cycle

Marine Pollution

Industrial Pollution

Pollution Control Technologies and Devices

Track 5:  Ecology & Ecosystems 

Expectation of future worldwide natural changes requires a logical appraisal of the present state of earthly and marine biological communities and a comprehension of expansive scale earthbound and marine environmental procedures. Integrative earth framework models are imperative instruments for acclimatizing and requesting this environmental data.

Track 6: Carbon Cycle

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is traded among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and air of the Earth. Alongside the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle, the carbon cycle involves a succession of occasions that are vital to making the Earth fit for supporting life; it portrays the development of carbon as it is reused and reused all through the biosphere, including carbon sinks The worldwide carbon spending plan is the adjust of the trades (earnings and misfortunes) of carbon between the carbon supplies or between one particular circle (e.g., climate <-> biosphere) of the carbon cycle. An examination of the carbon spending plan of a pool or repository can give data about whether the pool or store is working as a source or sink for carbon dioxide. The carbon cycle was at first found by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier, and promoted by Humphry Davy Carbon-based atoms are essential for life on Earth, since it is the principle segment of organic mixes. Carbon is additionally a noteworthy segment of numerous minerals. Carbon additionally exists in different structures in the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is halfway in charge of the nursery impact and is the most vital human-contributed nursery gas.

Track 7: Natural Hazards 

It is the science that deals with origin, evolution, structure, composition and behavior of Earth's landscapes, places and environments. It includes the studies of assessing environmental studies, spatial studies and satellite events. It is an applied science concerned with the practical application of the principles of geology in the solving of environmental problems. It includes Hydrogeology, Environmental Mineralogy, Hydro geochemistry, Soil Mechanics. The fundamentals concepts of environmental geology are Human population growth, Sustainability, Earth as a system, Hazardous earth processes which involves geologic hazards, natural resources, and topical issues of concern to society such as climate change and provides sound advice about how humanity can live responsibly and sustainably on Earth. Environmental geology applies geologic information to the solution, prediction and study of geologic problems such as Earth materials, Natural hazards, Landscape evaluation, Environmental impact analysis and remediation. Forces within the Earth create mountain ranges and ocean basins and drive the movements of continents. Wind, water and ice shapes the surface of the Earth, making and changing the landscapes.

Alarming alerts and Early warning systems

Disaster Risk Management

Geographic Information

Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Space Disasters

Health Disasters & Epidemics

Geological disasters and Earthquakes

Track 8: Fossil Fuels and Energy 

Fossil empowers are powers molded by ordinary systems, for instance, anaerobic decay of secured dead living beings, containing essentialness starting in antiquated photosynthesis. The age of the living things and their ensuing fossil forces is generally an extensive number of years, and as a less than dependable rule outperforms 650 million years Fossil forces contain high rates of carbon and consolidate oil, coal, and trademark gas Fossil empowers keep running from temperamental materials with low carbon: hydrogen extents like methane, to liquids like oil, to nonvolatile materials made out of for all intents and purposes faultless carbon, as Bacillus anthraces refer to coal. Methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or as methane clath rates. The Energy Information Administration surveys that in 2007 the fundamental wellsprings of imperativeness included oil 36.0%, coal 27.4%, basic gas 23.0%, signifying a 86.4% offer for fossil powers in basic essentialness use on the planet. Non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear 8.5%, hydroelectric 6.3%, and others (geothermal, sun powered , tidal, wind, wood, waste) signifying 0.9%. World imperativeness use was getting to be around 2.3% consistently The theory that fossil forces molded from the fossilized remains of dead plants by introduction to warmth and weight in the Earth's covering over an immense number of years[5] was at first displayed byGeorgius Agricola in 1556 and later by Mikhail Lomonosov in the eighteenth century.

Track 9: Renewable Energy & Resources 

Renewable energy is gaining increasing importance in today’s world. In addition to the rising costs of fossil fuels and the threat of climate change, there have been a lot of positive developments in this field including improved fuel efficiency and reduced prices. Sunlight, geothermal energy, and wind are examples of renewable energy. These energy sources are inexhaustible and constantly replenished. Renewable energy plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Also, the demand for fossil fuels goes down when renewable energy products are used.

Track 10: Climate change & Sustainability 

Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal, An ideal is by definition unattainable in a given time and space. However, by persistently and dynamically approaching it, the process results in a sustainable system. The study of ecology believes that sustainability is achieved through the balance of species and the resources within their environment. In order to maintain this equilibrium, available resources must not be depleted faster than resources are naturally generated.

Track 11:  Engineering Environmental 

Environmental engineering is a professional engineering discipline that takes from broad scientific topics like chemistry, biology, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, and mathematics to create solutions that will protect and also improves the health of living organisms and improve the quality of the environment. Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering , chemical engineering and mechanical engineering.

Track 12: Agriculture & Food Security 

Agriculture conference focuses on the topic of food security and welcomes to all person who related to food security. A policy orientation for food security and safety include state-wise, previous, current and future policy issues, and cope-wise sustainability of agriculture. The particular part of food distribution in our society can be examined through the research of the changes in the food supply chain. Globalization, in particular, has significant effects on the food supply chain by validating scale effect in the food distribution industry. Provision of an adequate amount of essential nutrients to human beings has ever been the challenge in the province of food security. Hence, malnutrition is heavily interlinked to food security consideration, yet difficult to be eliminated. food security and policy, therefore, become magnetic in the province of research.

Food and nutrition security

Sustainable intensification of food production systems

Innovative ways of feeding increasing population

Food storage and technology

Fermentation Technology and Cereals

Track 13: Plant Science and Biotechnology 

Agriculture conference focuses on the topic of plant science and invited to all student scientist and professor who related to plant science. Plant Science will accelerate the application of gene technology to agriculture. The scope of the plant science ranges from developing molecular techniques for genetic engineering to ecological research in the field of plant science. Ultimately the natural products want to contribute to a fundamental knowledge of basic biological processes related to development and health and the sustainable production of more healthy foods, flowers, and high-value biobased products. By accelerating the application of technology, plant genomics significantly increases the value of seeds and agricultural products. This increase adds much wealth to the customers, company owners, employees, and citizens of the nations in which genetic supply companies operate, and to both producing and importing nations whose food costs consequently are decreased.

Track 14: Green Chemistry

Green chemistry emerged from a variety of existing ideas and research efforts (such as atom economy and catalysis) in the period leading up to the 1990s, in the context of increasing attention to problems of chemical pollution and resource depletion. The development of green chemistry in Europe and the United States was linked to a shift in environmental problem-solving strategies: a movement from command and control regulation and mandated reduction of industrial emissions at the "end of the pipe," toward the active prevention of pollution through the innovative design of production technologies themselves.

For a technology to be considered Green Chemistry, it must accomplish three things:

It must be more environmentally benign than existing alternatives.

It must be more economically viable than existing alternatives.

It must be functionally equivalent to or outperform existing alternatives.

Green Chemistry presents industries with incredible opportunity for growth and competitive advantage. This is because there is currently a significant shortage of green technologies: we estimate that only 10% of current technologies are environmentally benign; another 25% could be made benign relatively easily. The remaining 65% have yet to be invented! Green Chemistry also creates cost savings: when hazardous materials are removed from materials and processes, all hazard-related costs are also removed, such as those associated with handling, transportation, disposal, and compliance. Through Green Chemistry, environmentally benign alternatives to current materials and technologies can be systematically introduced across all types of manufacturing to promote a more environmentally and economically sustainable future.

Track 15: Biodiversity Conservation

Biodiversity helps in maintaining climate change and also prevents natural calamities. Biodiversity helps to regulate the nutrient cycle, water (e.g. floods) and mitigates impacts of climate change. In simple terms, it is the variability and variety of living organisms together with ecological facilities in which they exist. Let us try to understand biodiversity as a whole and biodiversity conservation which has become a major issue in this developing age. This conference will provide a platform to discuss on biodiversity and ecology restoration for the beneficial of mankind.

Track 16: Waste management & Treatment 

Waste management techniques are useful to minimize or reduce the waste in environment and these will helpful to keep the environment clean. Commonly used waste management techniques are Ocean Dumping, Sanitary Landfill, Incineration, Recycling, and Composting etc. waste management techniques involves Mechanical and biological waste treatment, Mechanical sorting of wastes, Resource recovery from waste, Methods of Waste Disposal, Recovery and Recycling. All these techniques are useful to minimize the waste in the environment however these are also have some advantages and disadvantages. Recycling is the best waste management technique among all these and the advantage of recycling is key to providing a liviable environment for the future.

Track 17: Soil Science 

The worldwide agrochemical showcase was esteemed at $197.9 billion out of 2014. This market is required to reach almost $207.9 billion out of 2015 and $257.5 billion out of 2019, subsequent to expanding at a compound yearly development rate (CAGR) of 5.4% from 2014 to 2019.

Soil Fertility and Soil Biochemistry Experts Meeting

Soil Erosion and soil management

Sustainable Soils and Soil Geology

Soil Morphology

Track 18: Hydrology And Water Resources

Hydrology is the logical investigation of the development, appropriation, and nature of water on Earth and different planets, including the water cycle, water assets and ecological watershed manageability. A specialist of hydrology is a hydrologist, working inside the fields of earth or ecological science, physical topography, geography or common and natural engineering.Using different diagnostic strategies and logical procedures, they gather and investigate information to help tackle water related issues, for example, ecological conservation, catastrophic events, and water administration. Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology), and marine hydrology. Areas of hydrology incorporate hydrometeorology, surface hydrology, hydrogeology, seepage bowl administration and water quality, where water assumes the focal part. Oceanography and meteorology are excluded in light of the fact that water is just a single of numerous critical angles inside those fields.

Track 19: Oceanography and Marine Biology 

Oceanology is the branch of Geography that studies the sea. It covers an extensive variety of subjects, including biological system elements; sea streams, waves, and geophysical liquid progression; plate tectonics and the topography of the ocean bottom; and fluxes of different synthetic substances and physical properties inside the sea and over its limits. These assorted subjects mirror different controls that oceanographers mix to further information of the World Sea and comprehension of Procedures inside space science, science, science, climatology, topography, geography, hydrology, meteorology and material science. Pale oceanography concentrates on the historical backdrop of the seas in the geologic past. Branches are of four sort's Biological oceanography, Chemical oceanography, Geological oceanography, Physical oceanography.

Oceans & Climate Change

Marine Data Management

Marine Engineering and Technology

Coastal Oceanography

Oceans and Climate Change

Track 20: Climate Change Mitigation 

Financial instruments can be valuable in planning environmental change moderation strategies." "While the impediments of financial matters and social welfare examination, including cost– advantage investigation, are generally reported, financial matters all things considered gives helpful devices to evaluating the upsides and downsides of taking, or not taking, activity on environmental change relief, just as of adjustment measures, in accomplishing contending societal objectives. Understanding these upsides and downsides can help in settling on arrangement choices on environmental change alleviation and can impact the moves made by nations, foundations and people."

A scope of vitality innovations may add to environmental change mitigation These incorporate atomic power and sustainable power sources, for example, biomass, hydroelectricity, wind control, sunlight based power, geothermal power, sea vitality, and; the utilization of carbon sinks, and carbon catch and capacity.

The rise and fall of civilizations

Solving their own climate problems

Human interference with the climate system

The goal of mitigation

Track 21: Marine geosciences 

Marine earth science or geological oceanography is that the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geology, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone. Marine earth science has robust ties to geology and to physical earth science. Marine matter surroundings centred on palaeontology, geo biology, pale-oceanography and archaeology, organic and inorganic atom biogeochemistry, marine minerals, carbonate sedimentology and therefore the physical properties of sediments and crustal rocks. more than half of our nation's population lives among fifty miles of the coast. Healthy coastal and offshore resources area unit very important to our nation's economy. The USGS studies coastal modification, hazards that impact coastal areas, ocean resources, and coastal and marine ecosystems.

Marine Sciences

Economy and legislation of marine

Marine environment

Coastal structures

Track 22: Soil Pollution 

Soil pollution or soil contamination as a major aspect of land debasement is brought on by the nearness of xenobiotic i.e. human-made chemicals or other change in the regular soil environment. It is ordinarily created by modern action, rural chemicals, or uncalled for transfer of waste. The most widely recognized chemicals included are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear fragrant hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, overwhelming metals like cadmium, chromium and lead, some inorganic acids and radioactive substances like radionuclides. Contamination is corresponded with the level of industrialization and force of substance use. The worry over soil pollution stems essentially from health dangers, from direct contact with the debased soil, vapors from the contaminants, and from optional sullying of water supplies inside and hidden the dirt. Mapping of sullied soil locales and the subsequent cleanup are tedious and costly errands, requiring broad measures of topography, hydrology and science, PC displaying aptitudes, and GIS in Environmental Contamination, and additionally a valuation for the historical backdrop of modern science.

Track 23:TOXICOLOGY 

Toxicology is a variance of biology, chemistry, and medicine bothered with the study of the inauspicious reactions of chemicals on living organisms. It also studies the detrimental effects of chemical, biological and physical agents in biological systems that establish the extent of harm in living organisms. They develop methods to work out harmful effects, the dosages that cause those effects, and safe exposure limits. Toxicological analysis plays a very critical role in the modern-day investigations. A toxicologist is a scientist who is absolute in the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of venoms and toxins; mainly the poisoning of people.

 Track 24:ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 

Environmental toxicology is a interdisciplinary field of science bothered with the study of the harmful effects of various chemical, biological and physical agents on living organisms Ecotoxicology  is a sub discipline of environmental toxicology bothered with studying the harmful effects of toxicants at the population and ecosystem levels. Organisms can be exposed to distinct kinds of toxicants at any life cycle stage, some of which are more sensitive than others. Toxicity also can vary with the organism's placement within its food cycle. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism cache toxicants in fatty tissues, which may eventually establish a trophic cascade and the bio magnification of specific toxicants The result of a chemical or other substance at various applications on various species.

 Track 25:HUMAN HEALTH TOXICOLOGY 

The clinical effects of environmental toxicants  on living organisms through collecting and evaluating and identifying the scientific data and the ways of recognition and diagnosis. Human and health toxicology explains about the adverse effects caused to the body by xenobiotic substances. Xenobiotic substance contains a huge range of disciplines such as Organ systems toxicity, lung toxicology etc,.

Various pharmaceutical drugs which effect drastic poisonings, emergencies such as accidental poisonings, suicidal attempts. are studied under human toxicology. Several analytical toxicological principles are implemented in this Techniques like gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography different kinds of extractions are employed for these studies. Health Toxicology deals with the identification of potential health hazards related to the exposure to different chemicals and biological agents, their identification, assessment and steps to curtail them. It’s the toxicological science which deals with the structure function relationship, human and health ways of the chemicals such as PCBs etc. Other draw up elements in human nutrition and health are also evaluated.

 Track 26:GLOBAL WARMING 

Global warming is that the temperature of surface, oceans and atmosphere rising over tens to thousands of years. Global warming is awaited to be a far-reaching, long-lasting and in several cases, devastating consequences for planet Earth. Global, the moderate heat of Earth's surface, oceans and atmosphere, is caused by human undertaking, primarily the burning of fossil fuels that pump carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Already, heating has a measurable effect on the earth. The average surface temperature of Earth is maintained by a balance of varied sorts of solar and terrestrial radiation. Animals are changing relocation patterns and plants are changing the dates of activity, like trees budding their leaves earlier within the spring and dropping them later within the fall, Josef Warne, a professor of geology and environmental science at the University of Pittsburgh, told Live Science..

 Track 27:ORGANIC AND INORGANIC POLLUTANTS 

Organic  pollutants  include  numerous  insecticides  and  herbicides  that  have  been used in agriculture and pest control. Di-chloride-Di-phenol-polyurethane (DDT) is a pesticide, highly effective in controlling mosquito .Organic pollutants is a biodegradable contaminants in an environment.

Inorganic components are things found naturally but because of human production of goods have been altered to drastically increase the amount of them in the environment. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation.

 Track 28:PESTICIDES AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Pesticides   are substances   which   are    meant    for    controlling     pests.    Pesticides   are   classified   on   the   basis   of biological    mechanism function  or    application   method.   The term pesticide includes all     of     the     following:    herbicide,    insecticides           (which   may   include   insect   growth    regulators,   termiticide   ,etc.)  nematicide, molluscicide,     piscicide,    avicide,  rodenticide,   bactericide,    insect   repellent   ,    animal      repellent      and    fungicide    Pesticides     also    plays    a   crucial  role   as    a substance that   is used to modify   a    plant's   growth  (regulator),  drop   a    plant's    leaves    prematurely   (defoliant),  or act   as   a  drying   agent  (desiccant).

Biological    agents   mainly  includes   bacteria,  viruses,  fungi,  other   microorganisms   and   their   correlated  toxins .biological  agents  have a ubiquitous presence  in  the  environment  and  are  found  in  many  sectors. Biological  agents  can  cause  a wide range of adverse  health effects ,which include  :infections  caused by parasites, viruses, fungi or bacteria; allergies, and as well as chronic respiratory symptoms  activated  by exposure   to  mould and organic dusts like  flour dust, animal dander, enzymes and mites. Biological agents mainly   include bacteria, viruses, fungi, other microorganisms and their correlated toxins. They have an ability to effect human health in a variety of ways, ranging from relatively mild, allergic reactions to serious  medical  conditions even death